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The Locomobile Company of America was a pioneering American automobile manufacturer founded in 1899. One of the earliest car manufacturers in the advent of the automobile-age, for the first two years after its founding the company was located in Watertown, Massachusetts. Production was transferred to Bridgeport, Connecticut, during the year 1900, where it remained until the company's demise in 1929. The company manufactured affordable, small steam cars until 1903, then production switched entirely to internal combustion-powered luxury automobiles. Locomobile was taken over in 1922 by Durant Motors and eventually went out of business in 1929. All cars ever produced by the original company were always sold under the brand name Locomobile. ==History== The Locomobile Company of America was founded in 1899, the name coined from 'locomotive' and 'automobile'. John B. Walker, editor and publisher of the'' Cosmopolitan'' magazine bought the plans for an early steam-powered vehicle produced by Francis and Freelan Stanley for a price they could not resist: US$250,000 (with all of one car built, but 199 more ordered), promptly selling half to paving contractor Amzi L. Barber. Their partnership lasted just a fortnight; Walker went on to found Mobile Company of America at the Stanley works in Tarrytown, New York, while Barber moved house to Bridgeport, Connecticut, as Locomobile; the Stanley twins were named general managers.〔Wise, David B., "British Steam-Car Pioneers", in Northey, Tom, ed. ''World of Automobiles'' (London: Orbis Publishing, 1974), Volume 11, p. 1207.〕 The Stanley twins founded the Stanley Motor Carriage Company in 1902, becoming the sharpest rival to Locomobile.〔Kimes/Clark, p. 853.〕 Locomobile began by producing steam cars. The steam Locomobiles were unreliable, finicky to operate, prone to kerosene fires, had small water tanks (getting only 20 mi per tank〔Wise, p. 1207.〕), and took time to raise steam; Rudyard Kipling described one example as a "nickel-plated fraud".〔 Initially, they were offered with a single body style only, an inexpensive runabout at US$600〔Kimes/Clark, p. 85.〕 Nevertheless, they were a curiosity and middle-class Americans clamoured for the latest technology. Salesmen, doctors, and people needing quick mobility found them useful. More than 4000 were built between 1899 and 1902 alone.〔 In 1901, Locomobile offered seven body styles at prices between $600 and $1,400. Most Locomobiles had simple twin-cylinder engines (3x4 in, 76.2x102 mm; 57 in3, 927 cm3) and a wire-wrapped 500-psi flash boiler burning naphtha. Typical of the product was the 1904 Runabout, which seated two passengers and sold for $750〔Kimes/Clark, p. 854.〕 The two-cylinder steam engine was situated amidships of the wood-framed car. By now, the car had improved boilers and a new water pump, manufactured by the Overman Wheel Company in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts. This company itself built the Victor Steamer.〔Kimes/Clark, p. 1453.〕 During the Boer War, Locomobile did establish a new mark of sorts, becoming the first ever automobile to be used in war; it was a generator and searchlight tractor and catering vehicle, with the useful ability (in British eyes, at least) of being able to brew a cup of tea by tapping the boiler.〔Wise, p. 1208.〕 This was, unfortunately, not a sure way to guarantee commercial success, even in Britain, and Locomobile started experimenting with gasoline internal combustion engines in 1902, starting with a four-cylinder steel-chassis model designed by Andrew L. Riker. This encouraged the firm to drop steam vehicles the following year, selling the Stanley brothers back their rights for $20,000.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Locomobile Company of America」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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